Chipinda chopangira hydrogen cha electrolysis chimakhala ndi zida zonse zopangira hydrogen za electrolysis yamadzi. Zipangizo zazikulu ndi izi:
1. Choyezera chamagetsi
2. Chipangizo cholekanitsa gasi ndi madzi
3. Njira yowumitsa ndi kuyeretsa
4. Gawo lamagetsi limaphatikizapo: transformer, rectifier cabinet, PLC program control cabinet, instrument cabinet, power distribution cabinet, host computer, etc.
5. Dongosolo lothandizira limaphatikizapo makamaka: thanki ya alkali, thanki yamadzi ya zinthu zopangira, pampu yoperekera madzi, botolo la nayitrogeni/bala ya basi, ndi zina zotero.
6. Dongosolo lonse lothandizira la zida limaphatikizapo: makina amadzi oyera, nsanja yamadzi ozizira, chiller, compressor ya mpweya, ndi zina zotero.
Mu gawo lopanga hydrogen pogwiritsa ntchito electrolytic, madzi amasungunuka kukhala gawo limodzi la haidrojeni ndi theka la mpweya mu electrolyzer pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya direct current. Hydrojeni ndi mpweya wopangidwa zimatumizidwa ku gasi-liquid separator pamodzi ndi electrolyte kuti zilekanitsidwe. Hydrojeni ndi mpweya zimazizidwa ndi hydrogen ndi okosijeni ozizira, ndipo chogwirira madontho chimagwira ndikuchotsa madzi, kenako chimatumizidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa dongosolo lowongolera; electrolyte imadutsa mu haidrojeni, okosijeni alkali filter, haidrojeni, okosijeni alkali filter, ndi zina zotero. pansi pa ntchito ya pampu yoyendera, kenako nkubwerera ku electrolyzer kuti ipitirize electrolysis.
Kupanikizika kwa dongosololi kumasinthidwa kudzera mu dongosolo lowongolera kuthamanga ndi dongosolo lowongolera kuthamanga kosiyana kuti likwaniritse zofunikira za njira zotsatizana ndi kusungirako.
Hydrojeni yopangidwa ndi electrolysis ya madzi ili ndi ubwino wa kuyera kwambiri ndi zinyalala zochepa. Nthawi zambiri, zinyalala zomwe zili mu haidrojeni yopangidwa ndi electrolysis ya madzi ndi mpweya ndi madzi okha, ndipo palibe zinthu zina (zomwe zingapewe poizoni wa ma catalyst ena), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hydrogen ikhale yosavuta kupanga. , pambuyo poyeretsa, mpweya wopangidwawo ukhoza kufika pazizindikiro za mpweya wamagetsi wa mafakitale.
Hydrojeni yopangidwa ndi chipangizo chopangira haidrojeni imadutsa mu thanki yosungira kuti ikhazikitse mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya dongosolo ndikuchotsanso madzi omasuka mu haidrojeni.
Pambuyo poti haidrojeni yalowa mu chipangizo choyeretsera haidrojeni, haidrojeni yopangidwa ndi madzi imayeretsedwanso, ndipo mpweya, madzi ndi zinthu zina zodetsa mu haidrojeni zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za catalytic reaction ndi molecular sieve adsorption.
Zipangizozi zimatha kukhazikitsa njira yosinthira yokha kuti ipange haidrojeni malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya kungayambitse kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa thanki yosungira haidrojeni. Chotumizira cha pressure chomwe chimayikidwa pa thanki yosungira chidzatulutsa chizindikiro cha 4-20mA ndikuchitumiza ku PLC ndipo Pambuyo poyerekeza mtengo woyambira ndikuchita kusintha kosinthika ndi kuwerengera kwa PID, chizindikiro cha 20~4mA chimatuluka ndikutumizidwa ku kabati yokonzanso kuti isinthe kukula kwa electrolysis current, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga chosinthira chokha kupanga haidrojeni malinga ndi kusintha kwa katundu wa haidrojeni.
Zipangizo zopangira hydrogen zamadzi amchere zimaphatikizapo machitidwe otsatirawa:
(1) Dongosolo la madzi osaphika
Chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimachitika mu njira yopangira hydrogen pogwiritsa ntchito electrolysis ya madzi ndi madzi (H2O), omwe amafunika kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi osaphika kudzera mu pampu yobwezeretsanso madzi. Malo obwezeretsanso madzi ali pa cholekanitsa hydrogen kapena okosijeni. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kochepa kwa hydrogen ndi okosijeni kuyenera kuchotsedwa mukachoka mu dongosolo la chinyezi. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kwa zida zazing'ono ndi 1L/Nm³H2, ndipo kwa zida zazikulu kumatha kuchepetsedwa kufika pa 0.9L/Nm³H2. Dongosololi limabwezeretsanso madzi osaphika nthawi zonse. Kudzera mu kubwezeretsanso madzi, kukhazikika kwa mulingo wamadzimadzi a alkali ndi kuchuluka kwa alkali kumatha kusungidwa, ndipo yankho la reaction limatha kubwezeretsedwanso pakapita nthawi. madzi kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa lye.
2) Dongosolo lokonzanso zinthu la transformer
Dongosololi makamaka limapangidwa ndi zipangizo ziwiri: transformer ndi kabati yokonzanso. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusintha mphamvu ya 10/35KV AC yoperekedwa ndi mwiniwake wakutsogolo kukhala mphamvu ya DC yomwe imafunikira ndi electrolyzer, ndikupereka mphamvu ya DC ku electrolyzer. Gawo la mphamvu yoperekedwayo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga madzi mwachindunji. Mamolekyu ndi haidrojeni ndi mpweya, ndipo gawo lina limapanga kutentha, komwe kumachotsedwa ndi choziziritsira cha lye kudzera m'madzi ozizira.
Ma transformer ambiri ndi amtundu wa mafuta. Ngati atayikidwa m'nyumba kapena mkati mwa chidebe, ma transformer amtundu wouma angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ma transformer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zopangira hydrogen wamadzi a electrolytic ndi ma transformer apadera ndipo amafunika kufananizidwa malinga ndi deta ya electrolyzer iliyonse, kotero ndi zida zosinthidwa.
(3) makina ogawa mphamvu m'kabati
Kabati yogawa magetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popereka zida za 400V kapena zodziwika bwino kuti 380V kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi ma mota mu makina olekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa a haidrojeni ndi okosijeni kumbuyo kwa zida zopangira hydrogen zamadzi zamagetsi. Zipangizozi zimaphatikizapo kayendedwe ka alkali mu chimango cholekanitsa hydrogen ndi okosijeni. Mapampu, mapampu obwezeretsanso madzi mu makina othandizira; mawaya otenthetsera mu makina owumitsa ndi kuyeretsa, ndi machitidwe othandizira omwe amafunikira ndi makina onse, monga makina amadzi oyera, ma chiller, ma compressor a mpweya, nsanja zoziziritsira, ndi ma compressor a hydrogen a kumbuyo, makina owonjezera hydrogen ndi zida zina. Mphamvu yamagetsi imaphatikizaponso magetsi owunikira, kuyang'anira ndi machitidwe ena a siteshoni yonse.
(4) dongosolo lowongolera
Dongosolo lowongolera limagwiritsa ntchito PLC yowongolera yokha. PLC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito Siemens 1200 kapena 1500. Ili ndi chophimba cholumikizirana cha anthu ndi makompyuta, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe a dongosolo lililonse la zida ndi chiwonetsero cha malingaliro owongolera zimachitika pazenera logwira.
5) Dongosolo lozungulira madzi a alkali
Dongosololi limaphatikizapo makamaka zida zazikulu izi:
Cholekanitsa cha haidrojeni ndi okosijeni - pampu yozungulira ya alkali - valavu - fyuluta ya alkali - electrolyzer
Njira yaikulu ndi iyi: madzi a alkali osakanikirana ndi haidrojeni ndi okosijeni mu cholekanitsa haidrojeni ndi okosijeni amalekanitsidwa ndi cholekanitsa gasi ndi madzi kenako n’kubwerera ku pampu yoyendera madzi a alkali. Apa cholekanitsa haidrojeni ndi cholekanitsa mpweya zimalumikizidwa, ndipo pampu yoyendera madzi a alkali imabwerera m’mbuyo. Madzi a alkali amazungulira kupita ku valavu ndi fyuluta yamadzi a alkali kumapeto. Fyuluta ikachotsa zinyalala zazikulu, madzi a alkali amazungulira kupita mkati mwa electrolyzer.
(6) Dongosolo la haidrojeni
Hydrojeni imapangidwa kuchokera kumbali ya cathode electrode ndipo imafika pa cholekanitsa pamodzi ndi dongosolo la madzi a alkali. Mu cholekanitsa, chifukwa chakuti hydrogen yokha ndi yopepuka, imasiyana mwachibadwa ndi madzi a alkali ndikufikira kumtunda kwa cholekanitsa, kenako imadutsa muipi kuti ikulekanitsanso ndikuziziritsa. Madzi atazizira, chogwirira madontho chimagwira madonthowo ndikufikira kuyera kwa pafupifupi 99%, komwe kumafika pa dongosolo louma ndi kuyeretsa kumbuyo.
Kutuluka: Kutuluka kwa haidrojeni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka potuluka nthawi yoyambira ndi kuzimitsa, kugwira ntchito molakwika kapena kulephera kuyeretsa, komanso kuchotsa zolakwika.
(7) Dongosolo la okosijeni
Njira ya mpweya ndi yofanana ndi ya haidrojeni, koma mu njira yosiyana yolekanitsa.
Kusamuka: Pakadali pano, mapulojekiti ambiri a okosijeni amakonzedwa mwa kusamuka.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mpweya kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri m'mapulojekiti apadera, monga zochitika zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito mpweya wa haidrojeni ndi mpweya woyeretsedwa kwambiri, monga opanga ulusi wowala. Palinso mapulojekiti ena akuluakulu omwe ali ndi malo osungiramo mpweya. Zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbuyo ndi kupanga mpweya wamadzimadzi pambuyo poumitsa ndi kuyeretsa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamankhwala kudzera mu dongosolo logawanitsa. Komabe, kusintha kwa zochitikazi sikunadziwikebe. Chitsimikizo china.
(8) dongosolo la madzi ozizira
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi m'madzi ndi njira yochokera ku endothermic reaction. Njira yopangira haidrojeni iyenera kuperekedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Komabe, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi m'madzi imaposa mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imayamwa madzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, gawo la magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi electrolyzer amasanduka kutentha. Gawo ili Kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutentha kwa kayendedwe ka alkali koyambirira, kotero kuti kutentha kwa yankho la alkali kukwera kufika pa kutentha kwa 90 ± 5°C komwe kumafunikira ndi zida. Ngati electrolyzer ipitiliza kugwira ntchito itafika kutentha komwe kwayesedwa, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Madzi ozizira amatulutsidwa kuti asunge kutentha kwabwinobwino kwa dera logwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Kutentha kwakukulu mu dera logwiritsira ntchito magetsi kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, koma ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, nembanemba ya chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito magetsi idzawonongeka, zomwe zidzawononganso magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali a zida.
Chipangizochi chimafuna kuti kutentha kwa ntchito kusungidwe pa kutentha kosapitirira 95°C. Kuphatikiza apo, haidrojeni ndi okosijeni zomwe zimapangidwa ziyeneranso kuziziritsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa chinyezi, ndipo chipangizo chowongolera choziziritsira cha silicon choyendetsedwa ndi madzi chilinso ndi mapaipi ofunikira oziziritsira.
Thupi la pampu la zida zazikulu limafunikanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa madzi ozizira.
(9) Njira yodzaza nayitrogeni ndi kutsuka nayitrogeni
Musanachotse vuto ndikugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, makinawo ayenera kudzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni kuti ayesere kulimba kwa mpweya. Asanayambe kugwira ntchito bwino, gawo la mpweya la makinawo liyeneranso kutsukidwa ndi nayitrogeni kuti mpweya womwe uli m'malo a gasi mbali zonse ziwiri za haidrojeni ndi mpweya ukhale kutali ndi malo oyaka moto ndi ophulika.
Zipangizo zikatsekedwa, makina owongolera amasunga mphamvu yokha ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni ndi mpweya mkati mwa makinawo. Ngati mphamvuyo ikapezekabe pamene chipangizocho chikuyatsidwa, sipadzakhala chifukwa chochotsera mphamvuyo. Komabe, ngati mphamvu yonse yachotsedwa, iyenera kuchotsedwanso. Kuchotsa nayitrogeni.
(10) Njira yowumitsa haidrojeni (yoyeretsera) (ngati mukufuna)
Hydrogeni yopangidwa kuchokera ku electrolysis ya madzi imachotsedwa chinyezi ndi chowumitsira chofanana, ndipo pamapeto pake imatsukidwa ndi fyuluta ya chubu cha nickel yosungunuka kuti ipeze hydrogen youma. (Malinga ndi zofunikira za wogwiritsa ntchito pa hydrogen ya chinthucho, dongosololi likhoza kuwonjezera chipangizo choyeretsera, ndipo kuyeretsako kumagwiritsa ntchito palladium-platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxidation).
Hydrojeni yopangidwa ndi chipangizo chopangira hydrogen cha electrolysis ya madzi imatumizidwa ku chipangizo choyeretsera hydrogen kudzera mu thanki yosungiramo zinthu.
Hydrogen imadutsa koyamba mu nsanja yochotsera mpweya. Mothandizidwa ndi chothandizira, mpweya womwe uli mu hidrojeni umakumana ndi hidrojeni kuti upange madzi.
Fomula yochitira: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Kenako, haidrojeni imadutsa mu choziziritsira mpweya (chomwe chimaziziritsa mpweya kuti chiziritse nthunzi ya madzi mu mpweya kuti chipange madzi, ndipo madzi oundanawo amatuluka okha mu dongosolo kudzera mu chosonkhanitsa madzi) ndikulowa mu nsanja yolandirira madzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-14-2024
