Gawo lopanga ma electrolysis hydrogen limaphatikizapo zida zonse zopangira ma electrolysis hydrogen. Zida zazikulu ndi:
1. Electrolyzer
2. Gasi-madzi olekanitsa chipangizo
3. Kuyanika ndi kuyeretsa dongosolo
4. Gawo lamagetsi limaphatikizapo: thiransifoma, kabati yokonzanso, kabati yolamulira pulogalamu ya PLC, kabati ya zida, kabati yogawa mphamvu, makompyuta osungira, ndi zina zotero.
5. Dongosolo lothandizira makamaka limaphatikizapo: thanki ya alkali, thanki yamadzi yopangira madzi, pampu yamadzi, botolo la nayitrogeni / bar, etc.
6. Dongosolo lonse lothandizira la zida limaphatikizapo: makina amadzi oyera, nsanja yamadzi ozizira, chiller, air compressor, etc.
Mu gawo lopanga ma electrolytic hydrogen, madzi amawola kukhala gawo limodzi la haidrojeni ndi 1/2 gawo la okosijeni mu electrolyzer pansi pakuchita mwachindunji. Ma hydrogen ndi okosijeni opangidwa amatumizidwa ku cholekanitsa chamadzimadzi cha gasi limodzi ndi electrolyte kuti apatulidwe. Mpweya wa hydrogen ndi The oxygen umatsitsidwa ndi hydrogen ndi mpweya wozizira, ndipo chotsitsa chotsitsa chimagwira ndikuchotsa madzi, kenako chimatumizidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa dongosolo lolamulira; electrolyte amadutsa mu haidrojeni, mpweya alkali fyuluta, haidrojeni, mpweya alkali fyuluta, etc. pansi pa zochita za mpope kufalitsidwa. madzi ozizira ndikubwerera ku electrolyzer kuti mupitirize electrolysis.
Kupanikizika kwa dongosololi kumasinthidwa kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Hydrogen yopangidwa ndi electrolysis yamadzi imakhala ndi ubwino wokhala woyera kwambiri komanso zonyansa zochepa. Kawirikawiri, zonyansa mu haidrojeni opangidwa ndi electrolysis madzi ndi mpweya ndi madzi okha, ndipo palibe zigawo zina (zomwe zingapewe poyizoni wa catalysts ena), amene amapereka yabwino kwa kubala mkulu-chiyero hydrogen. , pambuyo kuyeretsedwa, mpweya opangidwa akhoza kufika zizindikiro zamagetsi kalasi gasi mafakitale.
Hydrojeni yomwe imapangidwa ndi chipangizo chopangira haidrojeni imadutsa mu tanki ya bafa kuti ikhazikitse kukakamiza kwa dongosolo ndikuchotsa madzi aulere mu haidrojeni.
Hydrojeni ikalowa mu chipangizo choyeretsera hydrogen, haidrojeni yopangidwa ndi electrolysis yamadzi imayeretsedwanso, ndipo mpweya, madzi ndi zonyansa zina mu haidrojeni zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za catalytic reaction ndi ma cell sieve adsorption.
Zidazi zimatha kukhazikitsa njira yosinthira yokha kuti apange haidrojeni malinga ndi momwe zilili. Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa gasi kumayambitsa kusinthasintha kwamphamvu ya thanki yosungiramo haidrojeni. Makina osindikizira omwe amaikidwa pa thanki yosungiramo adzatulutsa chizindikiro cha 4-20mA ndikutumiza ku PLC ndipo Pambuyo poyerekezera mtengo wokhazikitsidwa ndi kusintha kosiyana ndi kuwerengera PID, chizindikiro cha 20 ~ 4mA chimatuluka ndikutumizidwa ku nduna yokonzanso. kusintha kukula kwa electrolysis panopa, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kusintha basi wa haidrojeni kupanga malinga ndi kusintha katundu wa haidrojeni.
Alkaline madzi electrolysis haidrojeni kupanga zida makamaka zikuphatikizapo machitidwe awa:
(1) Dongosolo la madzi opangira zinthu
Chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi njira yopangira madzi a electrolysis hydrogen ndi madzi (H2O), omwe amafunika kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi aiwisi kudzera pa mpope wowonjezera madzi. Malo obwezeretsanso madzi ali pa chopatula cha hydrogen kapena oxygen. Kuonjezera apo, mpweya wochepa wa haidrojeni ndi mpweya uyenera kuchotsedwa pamene uchoka mu dongosolo. cha chinyezi. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kwa zida zazing'ono ndi 1L/Nm³H2, ndipo zida zazikulu zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala 0.9L/Nm³H2. Dongosolo limawonjezera madzi osaphika mosalekeza. Kupyolera mu kubwezeretsanso madzi, kukhazikika kwa mlingo wa madzi a alkali ndi ndende ya alkali kumatha kusungidwa, ndipo yankho lake likhoza kubwezeretsedwanso pakapita nthawi. madzi kuti asunge ndende ya lye.
2) Transformer rectifier system
Dongosololi makamaka lili ndi zida ziwiri: thiransifoma ndi kabati yokonzanso. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutembenuza mphamvu ya 10/35KV AC yoperekedwa ndi mwiniwake wakutsogolo kukhala mphamvu ya DC yofunikira ndi electrolyzer, ndikupereka mphamvu ya DC ku electrolyzer. Gawo la mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwola mwachindunji madzi. Mamolekyuwa ndi haidrojeni ndi okosijeni, ndipo mbali ina imatulutsa kutentha, komwe kumachotsedwa ndi choziziritsa cha lye kudzera m'madzi ozizira.
Ambiri mwa ma transformer ndi amtundu wamafuta. Ngati atayikidwa m'nyumba kapena m'chidebe, ma transfoma owuma angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ma thiransifoma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopangira ma electrolytic madzi a haidrojeni ndi osinthira apadera ndipo amafunikira kufananizidwa ndi data ya electrolyzer iliyonse, chifukwa chake ndi zida zosinthidwa makonda.
(3) dongosolo kabati yogawa mphamvu
Kabati yogawa magetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popereka 400V kapena zomwe zimadziwika kuti 380V zida kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi ma motors mumayendedwe olekanitsa a haidrojeni ndi okosijeni ndi kuyeretsa kumbuyo kwa zida zopangira ma electrolytic madzi haidrojeni. Zidazi zimaphatikizapo kufalikira kwa alkali mu njira yolekanitsa ya haidrojeni ndi okosijeni. Mapampu, mapampu owonjezera madzi m'makina othandizira; Kutentha mawaya muumitsa ndi kuyeretsa machitidwe, ndi machitidwe othandizira omwe amafunidwa ndi dongosolo lonse, monga makina amadzi oyera, ma chillers, ma compressor a mpweya, nsanja zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndi ma hydrogen compressor ammbuyo, makina a hydrogenation ndi zida zina. kuyatsa, kuyang'anira ndi machitidwe ena a siteshoni yonse.
(4) dongosolo lolamulira
Dongosolo lowongolera limagwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kwa PLC. PLC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito Siemens 1200 kapena 1500. Ili ndi mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi makompyuta a anthu, ndipo mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a dongosolo lililonse la zipangizo ndi kuwonetsera kwa logic control akuzindikiridwa pazithunzithunzi.
5) Alkali kufalitsidwa dongosolo
Dongosololi limaphatikizapo zida zazikuluzikulu izi:
Hydrogen ndi oxygen separator - alkali circulation pump - valve - alkali filter - electrolyzer
Njira yaikulu ndi: madzi a alkali osakanikirana ndi haidrojeni ndi okosijeni mu olekanitsa wa haidrojeni ndi okosijeni amasiyanitsidwa ndi olekanitsa mpweya wamadzimadzi ndipo amabwereranso ku mpope wamadzimadzi amchere. Apa cholekanitsa cha haidrojeni ndi cholekanitsa cha okosijeni zimalumikizidwa, ndipo mpope wamadzimadzi amchere amadzimadzi amadzimadzimadzimadzi. Madzi a alkali amazungulira ku valavu ndi fyuluta yamadzimadzi ya alkali kumapeto kumbuyo. Pambuyo posefa zonyansa zazikulu, madzi a alkali amazungulira mkati mwa electrolyzer.
(6) Dongosolo la haidrojeni
Hydrogen imapangidwa kuchokera ku mbali ya cathode electrode ndipo imafika pa olekanitsa pamodzi ndi kayendedwe ka madzi amchere. Mu cholekanitsa, chifukwa haidrojeni palokha ndi yopepuka, mwachilengedwe imasiyana ndi madzi amchere ndikufika kumtunda kwa cholekanitsa, kenako ndikudutsa mupaipi kuti isiyanitse ndi kuziziritsa. Pambuyo pa kuziziritsa kwa madzi, chotsitsa chotsitsa chimagwira madonthowo ndikufikira chiyero cha pafupifupi 99%, chomwe chimafika pakuwumitsa ndi kuyeretsa kumbuyo.
Kusamuka: Kuthamangitsidwa kwa haidrojeni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochotsa anthu panthawi yoyambira ndi kutseka, kugwira ntchito kwachilendo kapena kulephera kuyeretsa, komanso kutulutsa zolakwika.
(7) Njira ya oxygen
Njira ya okosijeni ndi yofanana ndi ya haidrojeni, koma mu cholekanitsa chosiyana.
Kusamuka: Pakalipano, ntchito zambiri za okosijeni zimathandizidwa ndi kusamutsidwa.
Kagwiritsidwe: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa okosijeni kumakhala kofunikira m'mapulojekiti apadera, monga zochitika zina zomwe zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni ndi okosijeni woyeretsa kwambiri, monga opanga ma fiber optical. Palinso ntchito zina zazikulu zomwe zasungira malo ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya. Zochitika zakumbuyo zogwiritsira ntchito ndizopanga mpweya wamadzimadzi pambuyo poyanika ndi kuyeretsedwa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamankhwala kudzera munjira yobalalitsa. Komabe, kukonzanso kwa zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito sikunatsimikizidwe. Chitsimikizo china.
(8) dongosolo la madzi ozizira
Njira ya electrolysis ya madzi ndi endothermic reaction. Njira yopanga haidrojeni iyenera kuperekedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Komabe, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira ya electrolysis yamadzi imaposa mayamwidwe a kutentha kwamadzi a electrolysis reaction. Ndiko kunena kuti, gawo la magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi electrolyzer amasinthidwa kukhala kutentha. Gawo ili Kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutenthetsa kayendedwe ka alkali koyambirira, kotero kuti kutentha kwa njira ya alkali kumakwera ku 90 ± 5 ° C kutentha komwe kumafunika ndi zipangizo. Ngati electrolyzer ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito itatha kutentha, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa kumafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito Madzi ozizira amatulutsidwa kuti asunge kutentha kwabwino kwa electrolysis reaction zone. Kutentha kwakukulu m'dera la electrolysis reaction zone kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, koma ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, nembanemba ya chipinda cha electrolysis idzawonongedwa, zomwe zidzawononge ntchito ya nthawi yaitali ya zipangizo.
Chipangizochi chimafuna kutentha kwa ntchito kuti zisapitirire 95 ° C. Kuphatikiza apo, haidrojeni ndi okosijeni wopangidwayo ayeneranso kuziziritsidwa ndikuchotsedwa, ndipo chipangizo chowongolera chowongolera ndi madzi oziziritsidwa ndi silicon chimakhalanso ndi mapaipi ozizirira ofunikira.
Pampu thupi la zipangizo zazikulu amafunanso kutenga nawo mbali madzi ozizira.
(9) Kudzaza nayitrojeni ndi njira yoyeretsera nitrogen
Musanayambe kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, makinawo ayenera kudzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni poyesa kulimba kwa mpweya. Asanayambe mwachizolowezi, gawo la gasi la dongosololi likufunikanso kutsukidwa ndi nayitrogeni kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wa gawo la mpweya kumbali zonse za hydrogen ndi mpweya uli kutali ndi malo oyaka komanso ophulika.
Zida zitatsekedwa, dongosolo lolamulira lidzasungabe kupanikizika ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni ndi mpweya mkati mwa dongosolo. Ngati kupanikizika kumapezekabe pamene zida zimayatsidwa, palibe chifukwa choyeretsa. Komabe, ngati kukakamizidwa konseko kuchotsedwa, iyenera kutsukidwanso. Nitrogen purge action.
(10) Njira yowumitsa haidrojeni (kuyeretsa) (posankha)
Hydrojeni yopangidwa kuchokera ku electrolysis yamadzi imatsitsidwa ndi chowumitsira chofananira, ndipo pamapeto pake imaphwanyidwa ndi sintered nickel chubu fyuluta kuti ipeze haidrojeni youma. (Malinga ndi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafuna pakupanga haidrojeni, dongosololi likhoza kuwonjezera chipangizo choyeretsera, ndipo kuyeretsa kumagwiritsa ntchito palladium-platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxidation).
Hydrojeni yomwe imapangidwa ndi chipangizo chopangira ma electrolysis hydrogen imatumizidwa ku chipangizo choyeretsera ma hydrogen kudzera mu tanki ya buffer.
Hydrogen imadutsa munsanja ya deoxygenation. Pogwira ntchito ya chothandizira, mpweya wa hydrogen umakhudzidwa ndi haidrojeni kuti upange madzi.
Njira yochitira: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Kenako, hydrogen imadutsa mu hydrogen condenser (yomwe imaziziritsa mpweya kuti ipangitse mpweya wamadzi mugasi kuti ipange madzi, ndipo madzi opindikawo amangotuluka kuchokera mudongosolo kudzera muchotolera chamadzimadzi) ndikulowa munsanja ya adsorption.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-14-2024
