1. Kutha kufalikira
Kuthekera kwa yankho linalake kuti likwaniritse kufalikira kofanana kwa utoto pa electrode (nthawi zambiri cathode) pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake poyerekeza ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu koyambirira. Kumadziwikanso kuti mphamvu ya plating.
2. Kutha kuyika zinthu mozama:
Kuthekera kwa njira yothetsera pulasitiki kuyika chophimba chachitsulo pamipata kapena mabowo akuya pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake.
3 Kupaka Ma Electroplating:
Ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mafunde enaake a low-voltage direct current kuti adutse mu workpiece ngati cathode mu electrolyte yokhala ndi ayoni inayake yachitsulo Ndi njira yopezera ma electron kuchokera ku ayoni achitsulo ndikuziyika mosalekeza muchitsulo pa cathode.
4 Kuchuluka kwa magetsi:
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mu electrode ya unit area nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa mu A/dm2.
5 Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwamakono:
Chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwenikweni kwa chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kuyankha pa electrode ndi chofanana ndi electrochemical yake podutsa mu unit yamagetsi nthawi zambiri chimafotokozedwa ngati peresenti.
Makatoni 6:
Elekitirodi yomwe imachitapo kanthu kuti ipeze ma elekitironi, mwachitsanzo elekitirodi yomwe imadutsa mu reduction reaction.
Ma Anode 7:
Elekitirodi yomwe imatha kulandira ma elekitironi kuchokera ku ma reactants, mwachitsanzo elekitirodi yomwe imadutsa mu ma oxidation reactions.
10 Chophimba cha Cathodic:
Chophimba chachitsulo chokhala ndi mphamvu ya electrode yapamwamba kuposa chitsulo choyambira.
11 Chophimba cha Anodic:
Chophimba chachitsulo chokhala ndi mphamvu ya electrode yofanana ndi algebraic kuposa chachitsulo choyambira.
12 Chiŵerengero cha kusefukira kwa nthaka:
Kukhuthala kwa chitsulo komwe kumayikidwa pamwamba pa chinthu mkati mwa nthawi imodzi. Kawirikawiri kumawonetsedwa mu ma micrometer pa ola limodzi.
13 Kuyambitsa:
Njira yopangitsa kuti pamwamba pa chitsulo pakhale mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino iwonongeke.
14 Kusachitapo kanthu;
Pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yachilengedwe, kusungunuka kwabwinobwino kwa pamwamba pa chitsulo kumalepheretsedwa kwambiri ndipo kumachitika mkati mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu za ma electrode.
Zotsatira za kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa chitsulo kufika pamlingo wochepa kwambiri.
15 Kusakhazikika kwa haidrojeni:
Kusalimba komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa maatomu a haidrojeni ndi zitsulo kapena zinthu zina panthawi ya ntchito monga kupukuta, kuchotsa mafuta, kapena kuyika ma electroplating.
Mtengo wa 16 PH:
Logarithm yoipa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya ntchito ya hydrogen ion.
17 Zinthu za matrix;
Chinthu chomwe chingaike chitsulo kapena kupanga filimu pamwamba pake.
Ma anode 18 othandizira:
Kuwonjezera pa anode yomwe nthawi zambiri imafunika popangira ma electroplating, anode yothandizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kufalikira kwa magetsi pamwamba pa gawo lopangidwa.
19 Kathodi yothandizira:
Pofuna kuchotsa ma burrs kapena kuwotcha komwe kungachitike m'malo ena a gawo lopangidwa ndi pulasitiki chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi, mawonekedwe ena a cathode amawonjezedwa pafupi ndi gawolo kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zina. Cathode yowonjezera iyi imatchedwa cathode yothandizira.
20 Kugawanika kwa Cathodic:
Chochitika chomwe cathode potential imapatuka ku equilibrium potential ndikuyenda mbali yoyipa pamene direct current imadutsa mu electrode.
21 Kugawa kwa magetsi koyambirira:
Kugawa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa elekitirodi popanda kugawa kwa elekitirodi.
22 Kulephera kwa mankhwala;
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chida chogwirira ntchito mu yankho lokhala ndi okosijeni kuti apange gawo lochepa kwambiri la passivation pamwamba, lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati filimu yoteteza.
23 Kusungunuka kwa mankhwala:
Njira yopangira filimu ya oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo kudzera mu mankhwala.
24 Kusungunuka kwa electrochemical (kusungunuka kwa anodizing):
Njira yopangira filimu yoteteza, yokongoletsa, kapena yogwira ntchito ya oxide pamwamba pa chigawo chachitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito electrolysis mu electrolyte inayake, ndi chigawo chachitsulo ngati anode.
25 Kupaka ma electroplating:
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu yomwe imadutsa munjira yamagetsi.
26 Filimu yosinthira;
Chigoba cha nkhope cha pamwamba pa chinthucho chomwe chili ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mankhwala kapena magetsi.
27 Chitsulo chimasanduka buluu:
Njira yotenthetsera zitsulo mumlengalenga kapena kuzimiza mu njira yopangira okosijeni kuti apange filimu yopyapyala ya okosijeni pamwamba, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yabuluu (yakuda).
28 Phosphating:
Njira yopangira filimu yoteteza phosphate yosasungunuka pamwamba pa zigawo zachitsulo.
29 Kugawanika kwa magetsi:
Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu ya ma electrochemical reaction pa electrode imakhala yotsika kuposa liwiro la ma electron omwe amaperekedwa ndi gwero lamagetsi lakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha koipa komanso kufalikira kwa ma polarization.
30 Kugawanika kwa mphamvu:
Kugawanika kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi pamwamba pa elekitirodi ndi kuya kwa yankho.
31 Kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi:
Njira yochotsera madontho a mafuta pamwamba pa chinthu chogwirira ntchito kudzera mu saponification ndi emulsification mu yankho la alkaline.
32 Kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito electrolytic degrease:
Njira yochotsera madontho a mafuta pamwamba pa workpiece mu yankho la alkaline, pogwiritsa ntchito workpiece ngati anode kapena cathode, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi.
33 Limatulutsa kuwala:
Njira yoviika chitsulo mu yankho kwa kanthawi kochepa kuti pakhale pamwamba powala.
34 Kupukuta makina:
Njira yokonza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito makina yowongolera kuwala kwa pamwamba pa zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu lopukutira lozungulira mofulumira kwambiri lokutidwa ndi phala lopukutira.
35 Kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito organic solvent:
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zosungunulira zachilengedwe kuchotsa madontho a mafuta pamwamba pa ziwalo zina.
36 Kuchotsa Haidrojeni:
Kutenthetsa zitsulo pa kutentha kwina kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina kuti muchotse njira yoyamwitsa haidrojeni mkati mwa chitsulo panthawi yopanga ma electroplating.
37 Kuvula:
Njira yochotsera chophimba pamwamba pa gawolo.
38 Kudula kofooka:
Musanayambe kupukuta, njira yochotsera filimu yopyapyala kwambiri ya oxide pamwamba pa zigawo zachitsulo mu yankho linalake lopangira ndikuyambitsa pamwamba.
39 Kukokoloka kwamphamvu:
Imwani zitsulo mu njira yothira kutentha kwambiri kuti muchotse dzimbiri la okosijeni m'zitsulozo.
Njira yowononga nthaka.
Matumba 40 a Anode:
Chikwama chopangidwa ndi thonje kapena nsalu yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa chomwe chimayikidwa pa anode kuti matope a anode asalowe mu yankho.
41 Wothandizira kuwala:
Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokutira zowala mu ma electrolyte.
42 Zopangira Ma Surfactants:
Chinthu chomwe chingathandize kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa nkhope ngakhale chikawonjezedwa pang'ono kwambiri.
43 Emulsifier;
Chinthu chomwe chingachepetse kupsinjika kwa interfacial pakati pa zakumwa zosasakanikirana ndikupanga emulsion.
44 Wothandizira Chelating:
Chinthu chomwe chingapange complex yokhala ndi ayoni achitsulo kapena mankhwala okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo.
45 Chitsulo chotetezera kutentha:
Chigawo cha zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo linalake la elekitirodi kapena chogwirira ntchito kuti pamwamba pa gawolo pasakhale choyendetsa magetsi.
46 Wonyowetsa:
Chinthu chomwe chingachepetse kupsinjika kwa pakati pa chogwirira ntchito ndi yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchitocho pakhale mosavuta kunyowetsa.
Zowonjezera 47:
Chowonjezera chochepa chomwe chili mu yankho chomwe chingathandize kukonza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi kapena mtundu wa yankho.
48 Chosungira:
Chinthu chomwe chingasunge pH yofanana ya yankho mkati mwa mtundu wina.
49 Kathodi yosuntha:
Cathode yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamakina kuti ichititse kuyenda kobwerezabwereza pakati pa gawo lophimbidwa ndi pole bar.
Filimu yamadzi yosasinthasintha 50:
Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyowetsa madzi mosagwirizana chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti filimu ya madzi pamwamba pake isapitirire.
51 Kuyenda Mozungulira:
Chiwerengero cha mabowo a pinbowo pa malo aliwonse.
52 Mabowo a Pinhole:
Mabowo ang'onoang'ono ochokera pamwamba pa chophimbacho kupita ku chophimba chapansi kapena chitsulo cha substrate amayamba chifukwa cha zopinga zomwe zimachitika mu njira yoika ma electrode pamalo ena pamwamba pa cathode, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti chophimbacho chisalowe pamalopo, pomwe chophimba chozunguliracho chikupitirirabe kukhuthala.
53 Kusintha kwa mtundu:
Kusintha kwa mtundu wa pamwamba pa chitsulo kapena chophimba chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi dzimbiri (monga mdima, kusintha mtundu, ndi zina zotero).
54 Mphamvu yomangirira:
Mphamvu ya mgwirizano pakati pa chophimba ndi zinthu za substrate. Ikhoza kuyezedwa ndi mphamvu yofunikira kuti ilekanitse chophimbacho ndi substrate.
55 Kuchotsa Masamba:
Chochitika cha kuphimba komwe kumachoka ku zinthu za substrate mu mawonekedwe ofanana ndi pepala.
56 Chophimba chofanana ndi siponji:
Ma depositi otayirira komanso obowola omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya electroplating omwe sali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi substrate.
57 Chophimba choyaka:
Dothi lakuda, lopanda mphamvu, lotayirira kapena lopanda khalidwe labwino lomwe limapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi
Oxide kapena zinthu zina zodetsa.
Madontho 58:
Maenje ang'onoang'ono kapena mabowo opangidwa pamwamba pa zitsulo panthawi yopangira ma electroplating ndi dzimbiri.
59 Zinthu Zopangira Zophimba:
Kuthekera kwa pamwamba pa chophimbacho kunyowetsedwa ndi solder yosungunuka.
60 Chophimba cholimba cha chrome:
Limatanthauza kuphimba zigawo zokhuthala za chromium pazinthu zosiyanasiyana za substrate. Ndipotu, kuuma kwake sikovuta kuposa gawo lokongoletsera la chromium, ndipo ngati chophimbacho sichikunyezimira, chimakhala chofewa kuposa chophimba chokongoletsera cha chromium. Chimatchedwa hard chromium plating chifukwa chophimba chake chokhuthala chimatha kukhala ndi kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kukana kukalamba.
T: Chidziwitso Choyambira ndi Mawu Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pakugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Electroplating
D: Kuthekera kwa yankho linalake kuti likwaniritse kufalikira kofanana kwa utoto pa electrode (nthawi zambiri cathode) pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake poyerekeza ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu koyambirira. Kumadziwikanso kuti mphamvu yopangira pulasitiki
K: Kupaka Ma Electroplating
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-20-2024
