Mphamvu ya electrolytichaidrojenigawo lopanga limaphatikizapo seti yonse ya electrolysis yamadzihaidrojenizida zopangira, ndi zida zazikulu zomwe zikuphatikizapo:
1. Selo yamagetsi
2. Chipangizo cholekanitsa madzi a gasi
3. Njira yowumitsa ndi kuyeretsa
4. Gawo lamagetsi limaphatikizapo: transformer, rectifier cabinet, PLC control cabinet, zida cabinet, distributor cabinet, high computer, etc.
5. Dongosolo lothandizira limaphatikizapo makamaka: thanki yamadzi ya alkali, thanki yamadzi ya zinthu zopangira, pampu yamadzi yodzoladzola, silinda ya nayitrogeni/busbar, ndi zina zotero. 6. Dongosolo lonse lothandizira la zida limaphatikizapo: makina amadzi oyera, nsanja yoziziritsira, chiller, compressor ya mpweya, ndi zina zotero.
zoziziritsira za haidrojeni ndi okosijeni, ndipo madziwo amasonkhanitsidwa ndi chotsukira madzi asanatumizidwe pansi pa ulamuliro wa dongosolo lowongolera; Electrolyte imadutsahaidrojenindi zosefera za alkali za okosijeni, zoziziritsira za haidrojeni ndi alkali za okosijeni motsatana pansi pa ntchito ya pampu yoyendera magazi, kenako zimabwerera ku selo ya electrolytic kuti zipitirire ndi electrolysis.
Kupanikizika kwa dongosololi kumayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lowongolera kuthamanga ndi dongosolo lowongolera kuthamanga kosiyana kuti likwaniritse zofunikira za njira zotsatizana ndi zosungira.
Hydrogeni yopangidwa ndi electrolysis ya madzi ili ndi ubwino wa kuyera kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kochepa. Nthawi zambiri, kuipitsidwa mu mpweya wa haidrojeni wopangidwa ndi electrolysis ya madzi kumangokhala mpweya ndi madzi okha, popanda zinthu zina (zomwe zingapewe poizoni wa ma catalyst ena). Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wa haidrojeni wopangidwa ndi electrolysis wosavuta, ndipo mpweya woyeretsedwawo ukhoza kukwaniritsa miyezo ya mpweya wamagetsi wa mafakitale.
Hydrogeni yopangidwa ndi chipangizo chopangira haidrojeni imadutsa mu thanki yosungira madzi kuti ikhazikitse mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya makinawo ndikuchotsanso madzi omasuka kuchokera ku haidrojeni.
Pambuyo polowa mu chipangizo choyeretsera hydrogen, hydrogen yomwe imapangidwa ndi madzi imayeretsedwanso, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za catalytic reaction ndi molecular sieve adsorption kuti ichotse mpweya, madzi, ndi zonyansa zina kuchokera ku hydrogen.
Zipangizozi zimatha kukhazikitsa njira yosinthira yokha ya haidrojeni malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya kungayambitse kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa thanki yosungira haidrojeni. Chotumizira cha pressure chomwe chimayikidwa pa thanki yosungira chidzatulutsa chizindikiro cha 4-20mA ku PLC kuti chifanane ndi mtengo woyambirira, ndipo pambuyo pa kusintha kosiyana ndi kuwerengera kwa PID, chimatulutsa chizindikiro cha 20-4mA ku kabati yokonzanso kuti chisinthe kukula kwa electrolysis current, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga chosinthira yokha kupanga haidrojeni malinga ndi kusintha kwa katundu wa haidrojeni.
Njira yokhayo yomwe imachitika popanga haidrojeni pogwiritsa ntchito electrolysis ya madzi ndi madzi (H2O), omwe amafunika kuperekedwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi osaphika kudzera mu pampu yobwezeretsanso madzi. Malo obwezeretsanso madzi ali pa cholekanitsa haidrojeni kapena mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, haidrojeni ndi mpweya ziyenera kuchotsa madzi ochepa zikatuluka mu dongosolo. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito 1L/Nm³ H2, pomwe zida zazikulu zimatha kuchepetsa kufika pa 0.9L/Nm³ H2. Dongosololi limabwezeretsa madzi osaphika nthawi zonse, zomwe zimatha kusunga kukhazikika kwa madzi amchere komanso kuchuluka kwake. Limathanso kubwezeretsanso madzi omwe akhudzidwa munthawi yake kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa madzi amchere.
- Dongosolo lokonzanso chosinthira
Dongosololi makamaka limapangidwa ndi zipangizo ziwiri, transformer ndi kabati yokonzanso. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusintha mphamvu ya AC ya 10/35KV yoperekedwa ndi mwiniwake wakutsogolo kukhala mphamvu ya DC yomwe imafunikira ndi selo ya electrolytic, ndikupereka mphamvu ya DC ku selo ya electrolytic. Gawo la mphamvu yoperekedwayo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga mwachindunji mamolekyu amadzi kukhala haidrojeni ndi mpweya, ndipo gawo lina limapanga kutentha, komwe kumachitika ndi choziziritsira cha alkali kudzera m'madzi ozizira.
Ma transformer ambiri ndi amtundu wa mafuta. Ngati ayikidwa m'nyumba kapena mkati mwa chidebe, ma transformer ouma angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ma transformer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopangira hydrogen m'madzi a electrolytic ndi ma transformer apadera omwe amafunika kufananizidwa malinga ndi deta ya selo iliyonse ya electrolytic, kotero ndi zida zosinthidwa.
Pakadali pano, kabati yokonzanso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mtundu wa thyristor, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi opanga zida chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kukhazikika kwake, komanso mtengo wake wotsika. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufunika kosintha zida zazikulu kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, mphamvu yosinthira ya makabati okonzanso a thyristor ndi yotsika. Pakadali pano, opanga makabati osiyanasiyana okonzanso akuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito makabati atsopano okonzanso a IGBT. IGBT yafala kale m'mafakitale ena monga mphamvu ya mphepo, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti makabati okonzanso a IGBT adzakhala ndi chitukuko chachikulu mtsogolo.
- Dongosolo la kabati yogawa
Kabati yogawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupereka mphamvu ku zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndi ma mota omwe ali mu dongosolo lolekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa mpweya wa hydrogen kuseri kwa zida zopangira hydrogen zamadzi zamagetsi, kuphatikiza 400V kapena zomwe zimatchedwa zida za 380V. Zipangizozi zimaphatikizapo pampu yozungulira ya alkali mu chimango cholekanitsa mpweya wa hydrogen ndi pampu yamadzi yopangira mu dongosolo lothandizira; Mphamvu yamagetsi ya mawaya otenthetsera mu dongosolo lowumitsa ndi kuyeretsa, komanso machitidwe othandizira ofunikira pa dongosolo lonse monga makina amadzi oyera, ma chiller, ma compressor a mpweya, nsanja zoziziritsira, ndi ma compressor a hydrogen a kumbuyo, makina a hydrogenation, ndi zina zotero, zimaphatikizaponso magetsi owunikira, kuyang'anira, ndi machitidwe ena a siteshoni yonse.
- Controdongosolo la l
Dongosolo lowongolera limagwiritsa ntchito PLC yowongolera yokha. PLC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito Siemens 1200 kapena 1500, ndipo ili ndi chophimba cholumikizirana cha munthu ndi makina. Kugwira ntchito ndi kuwonetsa magawo a dongosolo lililonse la zida komanso kuwonetsa kwa malingaliro owongolera kumachitika pazenera logwira.
5. Njira yoyendera magazi ya alkali
Dongosololi limaphatikizapo makamaka zida zazikulu izi:
Cholekanitsa mpweya wa haidrojeni – Pampu yozungulira ya yankho la Alkali – Valavu – Chosefera cha yankho la Alkali – Selo ya Electrolytic
Njira yayikulu ndi iyi: yankho la alkaline losakanizidwa ndi haidrojeni ndi okosijeni mu cholekanitsa mpweya wa haidrojeni limalekanitsidwa ndi cholekanitsa mpweya ndi madzi ndikubwerera ku pampu yozungulira ya yankho la alkaline. Cholekanitsa mpweya wa haidrojeni ndi cholekanitsa mpweya zimalumikizidwa pano, ndipo pampu yozungulira ya yankho la alkaline imazungulira yankho la alkaline lobwerera ku valavu ndi fyuluta ya yankho la alkaline kumapeto. Fyuluta ikachotsa zinyalala zazikulu, yankho la alkaline limazungulira mkati mwa selo ya electrolytic.
6. Dongosolo la haidrojeni
Mpweya wa haidrojeni umapangidwa kuchokera kumbali ya cathode electrode ndipo umafika pa cholekanitsa pamodzi ndi njira yoyendetsera madzi ya alkaline. Mkati mwa cholekanitsa, mpweya wa haidrojeni ndi wopepuka komanso wosiyana mwachilengedwe ndi yankho la alkaline, kufika kumtunda kwa cholekanitsa. Kenako, umadutsa m'mapaipi kuti ulekanitsidwenso, kuziziritsidwa ndi madzi ozizira, ndikusonkhanitsidwa ndi chogwirira madontho kuti ukhale woyera pafupifupi 99% usanafike pa njira yowuma ndi kuyeretsa kumbuyo.
Kutuluka: Kutuluka kwa mpweya wa haidrojeni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka panthawi yoyambira ndi yotseka, ntchito zosazolowereka, kapena pamene ukhondo sukugwirizana ndi miyezo, komanso pothetsa mavuto.
7. Dongosolo la okosijeni
Njira ya mpweya ndi yofanana ndi ya haidrojeni, koma imachitika m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Kutulutsa mpweya: Pakadali pano, mapulojekiti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsera mpweya.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mpweya Ndikofunikira Pa Mapulojekiti Apadera, Monga Mapulojekiti Omwe Angagwiritse Ntchito Mpweya wa Hydrogen Ndi Mpweya Woyera Kwambiri, Monga Mapulojekiti Ena Akuluakulu Omwe Ali Ndi Malo Osungirako Mpweya. Mapulojekiti Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kumbuyo Ndi Opanga Mpweya wa Madzi Pambuyo Poumitsa Ndi Kuyeretsa, Kapena Mpweya Wachipatala Pogwiritsa Ntchito Makina Opatsirana. Komabe, Kulondola Kwa Mapulojekiti Ogwiritsidwa Ntchitowa Kumafunikirabe Kutsimikizira Kwina.
8. Makina oziziritsira madzi
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi m'madzi ndi njira yopangira magetsi, ndipo njira yopangira hydrogen iyenera kuperekedwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Komabe, mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi m'madzi zimaposa mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imatengedwa ndi madzi. Mwanjira ina, gawo la magetsi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu selo yamagetsi limasinthidwa kukhala kutentha, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutentha njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi a alkaline pachiyambi, kukweza kutentha kwa yankho la alkaline kufika pa kutentha kofunikira kwa 90 ± 5 ℃ pazida. Ngati selo yamagetsi ikupitiliza kugwira ntchito itafika kutentha komwe kwayesedwa, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa kuyenera kuchitika ndi madzi ozizira kuti kutentha kwabwinobwino kwa malo ochitira magetsi kukhale koyenera. Kutentha kwakukulu mu malo ochitira magetsi kungathe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, koma ngati kutentha kuli kokwera kwambiri, diaphragm ya chipinda chamagetsi idzawonongeka, zomwe zidzawononganso magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali a zida.
Kutentha koyenera kwa chipangizochi kuyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kosapitirira 95 ℃. Kuphatikiza apo, haidrojeni ndi okosijeni zomwe zimapangidwa ziyeneranso kuziziritsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa chinyezi, ndipo chipangizo chowongolera thyristor choziziritsidwa ndi madzi chilinso ndi mapaipi ofunikira oziziritsira.
Thupi la pampu la zida zazikulu limafunikanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa madzi ozizira.
- Dongosolo lodzaza nayitrogeni ndi kutsuka nayitrogeni
Musanachotse vuto ndikugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi, mayeso a nayitrogeni ayenera kuchitika pa chipangizochi. Musanayambe bwino ntchito, ndikofunikiranso kuchotsa mpweya mu gawo la dongosololi ndi nayitrogeni kuti muwonetsetse kuti mpweya womwe uli m'malo a gawo la mpweya mbali zonse ziwiri za haidrojeni ndi mpweya uli kutali ndi malo oyaka moto komanso ophulika.
Zipangizo zikatsekedwa, makina owongolera amasunga mphamvu yokha ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni ndi mpweya mkati mwa makinawo. Ngati mphamvu ikadalipo panthawi yoyambira, sipadzakhala chifukwa chochita ntchito yoyeretsa. Komabe, ngati mphamvuyo yachepa, ntchito yoyeretsa nayitrogeni iyenera kuchitidwanso.
- Dongosolo loumitsa (kuyeretsa) la haidrojeni (ngati mukufuna)
Mpweya wa haidrojeni wopangidwa kuchokera ku electrolysis ya madzi umachotsedwa chinyezi ndi chowumitsira chofanana, ndipo pamapeto pake umayeretsedwa ndi fyuluta ya chubu cha nickel yosungunuka kuti ipeze mpweya wouma wa haidrojeni. Malinga ndi zofunikira za wogwiritsa ntchito pa haidrojeni ya chinthucho, dongosololi likhoza kuwonjezera chipangizo choyeretsera, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito palladium platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxygenation kuti chiyeretsedwe.
Hydrojeni yopangidwa ndi chipangizo chopangira hydrogen cha electrolysis ya madzi imatumizidwa ku chipangizo choyeretsera hydrogen kudzera mu thanki yosungiramo zinthu.
Mpweya wa haidrojeni umadutsa koyamba mu nsanja yochotsera mpweya m'thupi, ndipo pansi pa ntchito ya chothandizira, mpweya womwe uli mu mpweya wa haidrojeni umakumana ndi mpweya wa haidrojeni kuti upange madzi.
Fomula yochitira: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Kenako, mpweya wa haidrojeni umadutsa mu choziziritsira cha haidrojeni (chomwe chimaziziritsa mpweyawo kuti usungunuke nthunzi ya madzi kukhala madzi, omwe amatuluka okha kunja kwa dongosolo kudzera mu chosonkhanitsa) ndikulowa mu nsanja yotsamira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-03-2024
