Mwachidule, kusungunuka kwa electrochemical kumatanthauza njira yonse ya electrochemistry, yomwe imaphatikizapo machitidwe a electrochemical mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika omwe amachitika pa electrode kutengera mfundo za machitidwe ochepetsa kusungunuka. Machitidwewa cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa zoipitsa kuchokera m'madzi otayira.
Pofotokozedwa mopepuka, kusungunuka kwa electrochemical kumatanthauza njira ya anodic. Mu njirayi, yankho lachilengedwe kapena kuyimitsidwa kumalowetsedwa mu selo ya electrolytic, ndipo kudzera mu kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolunjika, ma elekitironi amachotsedwa pa anode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusungunuka kwa mankhwala achilengedwe kukhale koopsa. Kapenanso, zitsulo za low-valence zimatha kusungunuka kukhala ma ayoni achitsulo a high-valence pa anode, omwe kenako amachita nawo kusungunuka kwa mankhwala achilengedwe. Kawirikawiri, magulu ena ogwira ntchito mkati mwa mankhwala achilengedwe amasonyeza ntchito ya electrochemical. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kapangidwe ka magulu ogwira ntchito awa kamasintha, kusintha mawonekedwe a mankhwala a mankhwala achilengedwe, kuchepetsa poizoni wawo, ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwawo.
Kusungunuka kwa electrochemical kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kusungunuka mwachindunji ndi kusungunuka mwachindunji. Kusungunuka mwachindunji (electrolysis mwachindunji) kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa mwachindunji zonyansa kuchokera m'madzi otayira pozisakaniza pa electrode. Njirayi imaphatikizapo njira za anodic ndi cathodic. Njira ya anodic imaphatikizapo kusungunuka kwa zonyansa pamwamba pa anode, kuzisintha kukhala zinthu zochepa poizoni kapena zinthu zomwe sizingawonongeke kwambiri, motero zimachepetsa kapena kuchotsa zonyansa. Njira ya cathodic imaphatikizapo kuchepetsa zonyansa pamwamba pa cathode ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochepetsa ndi kuchotsa ma hydrocarbons a halogenated ndikubwezeretsa zitsulo zolemera.
Njira ya cathodic ingathenso kutchedwa kuchepetsa kwa electrochemical. Ikuphatikizapo kusamutsa ma electron kuti achepetse ma ayoni achitsulo cholemera monga Cr6+ ndi Hg2+ m'malo awo otsika a okosijeni. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuchepetsa mankhwala a chlorinated organic, kuwasandutsa kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni kapena zopanda poizoni, pamapeto pake kumawonjezera kuwonongeka kwawo:
R-Cl + H+ + e → RH + Cl-
Kusungunuka kosalunjika (electrolysis yosalunjika) kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira oxidizing kapena reducing zopangidwa ndi electrochemical monga reactants kapena catalysts kuti asinthe zoipitsa kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni. Kusungunuka kosalunjika kumatha kugawidwanso m'njira zosinthika komanso zosasinthika. Njira zosinthika (electrochemical oxidation) zimaphatikizapo kukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsanso mitundu ya redox panthawi ya njira ya electrochemical. Njira zosasinthika, kumbali ina, zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku machitidwe osasinthika a electrochemical, monga zinthu zamphamvu zopangira oxidizing monga Cl2, chlorates, hypochlorites, H2O2, ndi O3, kuti zisungunuke mankhwala achilengedwe. Njira zosasinthika zimathanso kupanga zinthu zosakanikirana kwambiri, kuphatikizapo ma electron osungunuka, ·HO radicals, ·HO2 radicals (hydroperoxyl radicals), ndi ·O2- radicals (superoxide anions), zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwononga ndikuchotsa zoipitsa monga cyanide, phenols, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), ndi S2-ions, pomaliza pake kuzisintha kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto.
Pankhani ya Direct Anodic Oxidation, kuchepa kwa reactant kungachepetse reaction ya electrochemical surface chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mass transfer, pomwe izi sizikupezeka pa njira zosalunjika za oxidation. Pa njira zosalunjika komanso zosalunjika za oxidation, zochitika zina zomwe zimakhudza kupanga mpweya wa H2 kapena O2 zitha kuchitika, koma zochitika izi zitha kulamulidwa kudzera mu kusankha zida zama electrode ndi potential control.
Kusungunuka kwa electrochemical kwapezeka kuti ndi kothandiza pochiza madzi otayira ndi kuchuluka kwa organic, zinthu zovuta, zinthu zambiri zotsutsa, komanso mitundu yambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma anode okhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kupanga bwino ma hydroxyl radicals oxidative kwambiri. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti zinthu zonyansa za organic ziwonongeke komanso kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuti ziwonongeke kwathunthu kukhala zinthu monga carbon dioxide kapena carbonates.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-07-2023
