Ndi kufunafuna mphamvu zoyera padziko lonse lapansi komanso chitukuko chokhazikika, mphamvu ya haidrojeni, monga chonyamulira mphamvu chogwira ntchito bwino komanso choyera, ikulowa pang'onopang'ono m'masomphenya a anthu. Monga cholumikizira chofunikira mu unyolo wamakampani opanga mphamvu ya haidrojeni, ukadaulo woyeretsa haidrojeni sumangokhudza chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa mphamvu ya haidrojeni, komanso umakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa momwe mphamvu ya haidrojeni imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso phindu lazachuma.
1. Zofunikira pa haidrojeni yazinthu
Hydrogeni, monga mankhwala opangira zinthu komanso chonyamulira mphamvu, ili ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa kuyera ndi kuipitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pakupanga ammonia yopangidwa, methanol ndi mankhwala ena, kuti apewe poizoni wa catalyst ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, ma sulfide ndi zinthu zina zoopsa mu mpweya wodyetsa ziyenera kuchotsedwa pasadakhale kuti zichepetse kuipitsidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira. M'mafakitale monga zitsulo, ziwiya zadothi, magalasi, ndi ma semiconductor, mpweya wa hydrogen umakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zinthu, ndipo zofunikira pa kuyera ndi kuipitsidwa ndizokhwima kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mumakampani opanga ma semiconductor, hydrogen imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga kukonzekera kristalo ndi substrate, oxidation, annealing, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakhala ndi zoletsa zambiri pa kuipitsidwa monga mpweya, madzi, ma hydrocarbon olemera, hydrogen sulfide, ndi zina zotero mu hydrogen.
2. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito yochotsa mpweya m'thupi
Pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira, mpweya wochepa mu haidrojeni ukhoza kuchitapo kanthu ndi haidrojeni kuti upange madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya utuluke. Kuchitapo kanthuko ndi exothermic reaction, ndipo reaction equation ndi iyi:
2H ₂+O ₂ (chothandizira) -2H ₂ O+Q
Chifukwa kapangidwe kake, makhalidwe ake a mankhwala, ndi mtundu wa chothandizira chokha sizisintha musanayambe komanso mutachitapo kanthu, chothandiziracho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza popanda kubwezeretsedwa.
Deoxidizer ili ndi kapangidwe ka silinda yamkati ndi yakunja, yokhala ndi chothandizira pakati pa masilinda akunja ndi amkati. Gawo lotenthetsera lamagetsi losaphulika limayikidwa mkati mwa silinda yamkati, ndipo masensa awiri otenthetsera ali pamwamba ndi pansi pa chosungira kuti azindikire ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa reaction. Silinda yakunja imakulungidwa ndi insulation layer kuti isatayike kutentha ndikupewa kuwotcha. Hydrogen yaiwisi imalowa mu silinda yamkati kuchokera kumtunda kwa deoxidizer, imatenthedwa ndi chinthu chotenthetsera chamagetsi, ndipo imayenda kudzera mu catalyst bed kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba. Mpweya womwe uli mu haidrojeni yaiwisi umayanjana ndi haidrojeni pansi pa ntchito ya chothandizira kuti apange madzi. Mpweya womwe uli mu haidrojeni womwe umachokera pansi ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika pansi pa 1ppm. Madzi opangidwa ndi kuphatikizana amatuluka mu deoxidizer mu mawonekedwe a gasi ndi mpweya wa haidrojeni, amaundana mu hydrogen cooler yotsatira, amasefa mu separator ya mpweya ndi madzi, ndipo amatuluka mu dongosolo.
3. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito youma
Kuuma kwa mpweya wa haidrojeni kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yothira madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma sieve a molecular ngati ma absorbents. Pambuyo pouma, mame a mpweya wa haidrojeni amatha kufika pansi pa -70 ℃. Sieve ya molecular ndi mtundu wa aluminosilicate compound yokhala ndi cubic lattice, yomwe imapanga mabowo ambiri ofanana mkati pambuyo pa madzi ndipo ili ndi malo akuluakulu kwambiri. Sieve za molecular zimatchedwa ma sieve a molecular chifukwa zimatha kulekanitsa mamolekyu okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ma diameter, polarities, bolling points, ndi saturation levels.
Madzi ndi molekyulu yokhala ndi polar kwambiri, ndipo ma sefa a mamolekyu ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa madzi. Kulowetsedwa kwa ma sefa a mamolekyu ndi kulowetsedwa kwenikweni, ndipo pamene kulowetsedwako kwadzaza, zimatenga nthawi kuti zitenthedwe ndi kubwezeretsedwanso zisanalowedwenso. Chifukwa chake, makina owumitsira osachepera awiri amaphatikizidwa mu chipangizo choyeretsera, ndipo chimodzi chikugwira ntchito pomwe china chimasinthanso, kuti zitsimikizire kuti mpweya wa hydrogen wokhazikika umapangidwa nthawi zonse.
Choumitsira chili ndi kapangidwe ka silinda yamkati ndi yakunja, ndipo chotulutsira madzi chimayikidwa pakati pa masilinda akunja ndi amkati. Chotenthetsera chamagetsi chosaphulika chimayikidwa mkati mwa silinda yamkati, ndipo masensa awiri otenthetsera ali pamwamba ndi pansi pa sieve ya molecular kuti azindikire ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa reaction. Silinda yakunja imakulungidwa ndi insulation layer kuti isatayike kutentha ndikupewa kutentha. Kuyenda kwa mpweya mu adsorption state (kuphatikiza mikhalidwe yoyambira ndi yachiwiri yogwirira ntchito) ndi regeneration state kumasinthidwa. Mu mkhalidwe wa adsorption, chitoliro chapamwamba ndi potulukira mpweya ndipo chitoliro chapansi ndi polowera mpweya. Mu mkhalidwe wa regeneration, chitoliro chapamwamba ndi polowera mpweya ndipo chitoliro chapansi ndi potulukira mpweya. Dongosolo loumitsira likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri a tower dryer ndi ma tower dryer atatu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma dryer.
4. Njira ziwiri za nsanja
Zipangizo ziwiri zoumitsira zimayikidwa mu chipangizocho, zomwe zimasinthasintha ndikuberekanso mkati mwa nthawi imodzi (maola 48) kuti chipangizo chonse chigwire ntchito mosalekeza. Pambuyo pouma, dothi la haidrojeni limatha kufika pansi pa -60 ℃. Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito (maola 48), zoumitsira A ndi B zimakhala ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito komanso zobwezeretsa, motsatana.
Mu nthawi imodzi yosinthira, choumitsira chimakumana ndi magawo awiri: momwe chimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe chimasinthira.
·Mkhalidwe wa kukonzanso: Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wokonzedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wokwanira. Mkhalidwe wa kukonzanso umaphatikizapo gawo lotenthetsera ndi gawo lozizira lophulika;
1) Gawo lotenthetsera - chotenthetsera chomwe chili mkati mwa choumitsira chimagwira ntchito, ndipo chimasiya kutentha kokha kutentha kwapamwamba kukafika pamtengo wokhazikika kapena nthawi yotenthetsera ikafika pamtengo wokhazikika;
2) Gawo Loziziritsa - Choumitsira chikasiya kutentha, mpweya umapitirira kuyenda kudzera mu choumitsira munjira yoyambirira kuti chiziziritse mpaka choumitsira chisinthe kukhala chogwira ntchito.
·Mmene ntchito ikuyendera: Mpweya wochuluka womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito uli ndi mphamvu zonse, ndipo chotenthetsera chomwe chili mkati mwa choumitsira sichikugwira ntchito.
5. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya nsanja zitatu
Pakadali pano, njira yopangira nsanja zitatu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zipangizo zowumitsira zitatu zayikidwa mu chipangizochi, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma desiccant (ma molecular seeves) okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yothira madzi komanso kukana kutentha bwino. Zipangizo zowumitsira zitatu zimasinthasintha pakati pa kugwira ntchito, kubwezeretsanso, ndi kuthira madzi kuti chipangizo chonse chigwire ntchito mosalekeza. Pambuyo powumitsira, mpweya wa haidrojeni umatha kufika pansi pa -70 ℃.
Pa nthawi yosinthira, choumitsira chimadutsa m'magawo atatu: kugwira ntchito, kulowetsedwa, ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Pa mkhalidwe uliwonse, choumitsira choyamba chomwe mpweya wa haidrojeni wosaphika umalowa pambuyo pa deoxygenation, kuzizira, ndi kusefa madzi chimakhala:
1) Momwe ntchito ikuyendera: Mpweya wochuluka womwe umakonzedwa uli ndi mphamvu zonse, chotenthetsera chomwe chili mkati mwa choumitsira sichikugwira ntchito, ndipo mpweya wa haidrojeni wosaphika womwe sunaume;
Chowumitsira chachiwiri chili pa:
2) Mkhalidwe wa kukonzanso: 20% voliyumu ya mpweya: Mkhalidwe wa kukonzanso umaphatikizapo gawo la kutentha ndi gawo lozizira lophulika;
Gawo lotenthetsera - chotenthetsera chomwe chili mkati mwa choumitsira chimagwira ntchito, ndipo chimasiya kutentha kokha kutentha kwapamwamba kukafika pamtengo wokhazikika kapena nthawi yotenthetsera ikafika pamtengo wokhazikika;
Gawo Loziziritsa - Choumitsira chikasiya kutentha, mpweya umapitirira kuyenda kudzera mu choumitsira munjira yoyambirira kuti chiziziritse mpaka choumitsira chisinthe kukhala chogwira ntchito; Choumitsira chikayamba kukonzedwanso, mpweya wa haidrojeni umachepa madzi;
Cholowera chachitatu choumitsira chili pa:
3) Mkhalidwe wa kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya: Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi 20%, chotenthetsera chomwe chili mu choumitsira sichikugwira ntchito, ndipo chosungira ndi mpweya wa haidrojeni wokonzanso.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-19-2024
