Pali njira zitatu zazikulu:
1. Njira ya mankhwala
Mwachidule, zikutanthawuza kuwonjezera zinthu zopangira mankhwala kumadzi otayira kuti zinyalala zomwe zili mkati zigwire ntchito ndi kuchotsedwa mosavuta.
Coagulation njira:TMfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ya njira yolumikizira ndikuwonjezera mankhwala m'madzi, kupangitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono toyimitsidwa kuti tiwunjike ndikupanga magulu akuluakulu, kenako ndikukhazikika ndi mphamvu yokoka. Njirayi imatha kuchotsa bwino chromaticity, mabakiteriya, ndi zinthu zina zam'madzi. Komabe, chithandizo chake pa zinthu zomwe zasungunuka m'madzi ndizochepa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi pH mtengo.
Njira ya Oxidation:Uimbani ma okosijeni (monga klorini, ozoni) kuti awononge zinthu zapoizoni kukhala zopanda vuto. Ozone ili ndi zotsatira zabwino ndipo palibe kuipitsa kwachiwiri, koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera; Chlorine imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndipo ndiyoyenera kuthira madzi otayira okhala ndi phenol ndi cyanide; Mpweya wothira okosijeni ndi woyipa pang'ono ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi onyansa pomwe zowononga zimakokedwa mosavuta.
Njira ya Electrochemical: Mphamvu yamagetsi imayikidwa kuti zowononga zigwire pa electrode pamwamba kuti zichotsedwe, ndipo nthawi zina sodium chloride imawonjezeredwa kuti izi zitheke. Njirayi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zogwirira ntchito, koma zovuta zake zikuwonekeranso: kumbali imodzi, imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri ndipo imakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito; Kumbali inayi, zochitika zina zam'mbali zimatha kuchitika panthawiyi, zomwe zimabweretsa kuipitsa kwachiwiri.
2. Njira Yakuthupi
Kulekanitsa zodetsa zolimba m'madzi kudzera munjira zakuthupi.
Njira yosefera imagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zokhala ndi ma micropores (monga zosefera zazing'ono) kuti zitseke zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa m'madzi.
Lamulo la sedimentation ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kulola kuti tinthu tating'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa m'chimbudzi tikhazikike pansi pamadzi.
Njira yoyandama mpweya imabweretsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tambirimbiri m'madzi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azitsatira tinthu tonyansa ndikupanga thupi loyandama lokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa madzi. Kenako imakwera pamwamba pamadzi ndi kuwomba ndipo imachotsedwa ndi zida zopalasa.
Njirazi ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta kuzisamalira, koma sizingachotse zowononga zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi ndipo zimakhala ndi malire pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.
3. Ukadaulo wa Photocatalytic oxidation
Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi oxidizing agents (monga hydrogen peroxide), zovuta kuwola zowononga (monga ma polychlorinated biphenyls) zimatha kuwonongedwa kotheratu.
Pali njira yotchedwa 'photocatalytic Fenton', yomwe imatha kutulutsa mwachangu zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito ndikuwola bwino zinthu za organic pophatikizana ndi ma ayoni opepuka ndi ayironi.
Njira ina ndikuwonjezera zinthu zowoneka bwino za semiconductor (monga titaniyamu woipa), zomwe zimatulutsa ma free radicals okosijeni kwambiri pansi pa kuwala kowala, ndikuwola zowononga kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto monga carbon dioxide ndi madzi. Njirayi ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochizira zowononga recalcitrant.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-11-2025
