Kuyesa kosawononga: Mitundu ndi ntchito

Kodi Kuyesa Kosawononga N'chiyani?

Kuyesa kosawononga ndi njira yothandiza yomwe imalola oyang'anira kusonkhanitsa deta popanda kuwononga chinthucho. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika zolakwika ndi kuwonongeka mkati mwa zinthu popanda kusokoneza kapena kuwononga chinthucho.

Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) ndi kuyang'anira kosawononga (NDI) ndi mawu ofanana omwe amatanthauza kuyesa popanda kuwononga chinthucho. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, NDT imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kosawononga, pomwe NDI imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kulephera/kulephera.
Nthawi zina, mayeso osawononga (NDT) ndi mayeso osawononga (NDI) angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana, zonse zikutanthawuza kuyesa zinthu popanda kuwononga. Mwanjira ina, NDT imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa osawononga, pomwe NDI imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kulephera/kulephera. Popeza gawoli likuphatikizanso njira za NDT pansi pa kuwunika kosawononga, ndibwino kusiyanitsa pakati pa ziwirizi kutengera momwe mukugwiritsira ntchito komanso cholinga chanu.

Zolinga ziwiri zazikulu za NDT ndi izi:

Kuwunika ubwino: Kuyang'ana mavuto omwe ali mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi zigawo zake. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana kuchepa kwa kuponyedwa kwa zinthu, zolakwika zowotcherera, ndi zina zotero.

Kuwunika moyo: Kutsimikizira kuti chinthucho chikugwira ntchito bwino. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza zolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito nyumba ndi zomangamanga kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ubwino wa Kuyesa Kosawononga

Kuyesa kosawononga kumapereka njira zotetezeka komanso zothandiza zowunikira zinthu motere.

Kulondola kwambiri, kosavuta kupeza zolakwika zomwe sizingawonekere kuchokera pamwamba.
Palibe kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, zilipo kuti ziwonedwe zonse.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kudalirika kwa zinthu
Dziwani kukonza kapena kusintha nthawi yake
Chifukwa chomwe mayeso osawononga alili olondola komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri ndichakuti amatha kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati mwa chinthu popanda kuchiwononga. Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi X-ray, yomwe imatha kuwonetsa malo osweka omwe ndi ovuta kuwaweruza kuchokera kunja.

Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa zinthu musanatumize, chifukwa njira iyi siipitsa kapena kuwononga zinthuzo. Izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zowunikidwa zimayesedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zodalirika. Komabe, nthawi zina, pangafunike njira zingapo zokonzekera, zomwe zingakhale zodula kwambiri.

Njira Zodziwika za Njira za NDT

Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zinthu zopanda kuwononga, ndipo zimakhala ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana kutengera zolakwika kapena zinthu zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa.

Kuyesa kwa X-ray (RT)

Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa katundu asanatumizidwe, chifukwa njira iyi siipitsa kapena kuwononga katunduyo. Izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zowunikidwa zimayesedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zodalirika. Komabe, nthawi zina, njira zingapo zokonzekera zingafunike, zomwe zingakhale zodula kwambiri. Kuyesa kwa X-ray (RT) kumagwiritsa ntchito X-ray ndi gamma rays kuti ziwunikire zinthu. RT imazindikira zolakwika pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa makulidwe a chithunzi pamakona osiyanasiyana. Computerized tomography (CT) ndi imodzi mwa njira zojambulira za NDT zamafakitale zomwe zimapereka zithunzi za cross-sectional ndi 3D za zinthu panthawi yowunikira. Izi zimathandiza kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane zolakwika zamkati kapena makulidwe. Ndi yoyenera kuyeza makulidwe a mbale zachitsulo ndi kufufuza mkati mwa nyumba. Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito makinawa, zinthu zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa: kusamala kwambiri kuyenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation. RT imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mkati mwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi ma electronic circuits board. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika m'mapaipi ndi ma welds omwe amayikidwa m'mafakitale amphamvu, mafakitale, ndi nyumba zina.

Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT)

Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT) kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a ultrasound kuti azindikire zinthu. Poyesa kuwunikira kwa mafunde a phokoso pamwamba pa zinthu, UT imatha kuzindikira momwe zinthu zilili mkati. UT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri ngati njira yoyesera yosawononga yomwe siiwononga zinthu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati mwa zinthu ndi zolakwika pazinthu zofanana monga ma coil opindidwa. Machitidwe a UT ndi otetezeka komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma ali ndi zoletsa pankhani ya zinthu zosaoneka bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati mwa zinthu ndikuwunika zinthu zofanana monga ma coil opindidwa.

Kuyesa kwa Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) (ET)

Mu kuyesa kwa eddy current (EC), coil yokhala ndi alternating current imayikidwa pafupi ndi pamwamba pa chinthu. Mphamvu yomwe ili mu coil imapanga eddy current yozungulira pafupi ndi pamwamba pa chinthucho, motsatira mfundo ya electromagnetic induction. Ziphuphu za pamwamba, monga ming'alu, zimazindikirika. Kuyesa kwa EC ndi njira imodzi yodziwika bwino yoyesera yosawononga yomwe siifuna kukonza kapena kukonza pambuyo pake. Ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuyeza makulidwe, kuyang'ana nyumba, ndi madera ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opanga. Komabe, kuyesa kwa EC kumatha kuzindikira zinthu zoyendetsera magetsi zokha.

Kuyesa kwa Tinthu ta Magnetic (MT)

Kuyesa kwa Tinthu ta Magnetic (MT) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zili pansi pa zinthu mu yankho lowunikira lomwe lili ndi ufa wa maginito. Mphamvu yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho kuti chiyang'ane mwa kusintha mawonekedwe a ufa wa maginito pamwamba pa chinthucho. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakumana ndi zolakwika pamenepo, imapanga malo otayikira madzi pomwe cholakwikacho chili.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ming'alu yosaya/yochepa pamwamba, ndipo imapezeka pa ndege, magalimoto, ndi zida za sitima.

Kuyesa Kolowera (PT)

Kuyesa kwa penetrant (PT) kumatanthauza njira yodzaza mkati mwa chilema poika penetrant pa chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito capillary action. Pambuyo pokonza, penetrant pamwamba imachotsedwa. Penetrant yomwe yalowa mkati mwa chilema singatsukidwe ndipo imasungidwa. Popereka wopanga mapulogalamu, chilemacho chidzayamwa ndikuwonekera. PT ndi yoyenera kuyang'anira chilema pamwamba, chomwe chimafuna kukonza kwa nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yochulukirapo, ndipo si yoyenera kuyang'aniridwa mkati. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika masamba a turbojet injini ndi zida zamagalimoto.

Njira zina

Njira yoyesera kukhudza kwa nyundo nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amawunika momwe zinthu zilili mkati mwa chinthu pochimenya ndikumvetsera phokoso lomwe limachokera. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yomweyi pomwe chikho cha tiyi chosaphwanyika chimapanga phokoso lomveka bwino chikamenyedwa, pomwe chosweka chimapanga phokoso losamveka bwino. Njira yoyeserayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito powunika mabolt omasuka, ma axle a sitima, ndi makoma akunja. Kuwunika kowoneka bwino ndi njira imodzi yosavuta komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yoyesera yosawononga pomwe ogwira ntchito amawunika mawonekedwe akunja a chinthucho. Kuyesa kosawononga kumapereka ubwino pakulamulira khalidwe la zinthu zotayidwa, zomangira, zinthu zozungulira, mapaipi, njira zowotcherera, ndi zina zotero, motero kumawonjezera chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa malo opangira mafakitale. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito posamalira zomangamanga zoyendera monga milatho, ngalande, mawilo a sitima ndi ma axle, ndege, zombo, magalimoto, komanso kuwunika ma turbine, mapaipi, ndi matanki amadzi a magetsi ndi zomangamanga zina za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa NDT m'magawo omwe si mafakitale monga zotsalira zachikhalidwe, zaluso, kugawa zipatso, ndi kuyesa kujambula kutentha kukukhala kofunikira kwambiri.