Kuyesa kosawononga: Mitundu ndi ntchito

Kodi Kuyesa Kopanda Kuwononga ndi Chiyani?

Kuyesa kosawononga ndi njira yabwino yomwe imalola oyendera kusonkhanitsa deta popanda kuwononga mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zolakwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu mkati mwazinthu popanda kusokoneza kapena kuwononga mankhwala.

Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) ndi kufufuza kosawononga (NDI) ndi mawu ofanana omwe amatanthawuza kuyesa popanda kuwononga chinthucho. Mwanjira ina, NDT imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kosawononga, pomwe NDI imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa / kulephera.
Nthawi zina, kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) ndi kufufuza kosawonongeka (NDI) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana, poyang'ana kuyesa kwa zinthu popanda kuwononga. Mwanjira ina, NDT imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kosawononga, pomwe NDI imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa / kulephera. Monga gawo ili likuphatikizanso njira za NDT zoyang'aniridwa mosawononga, ndikofunikira kuti musiyanitse ziwirizi kutengera momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito ndi cholinga chanu.

Zolinga ziwiri za NDT ndi:

Kuunika kwaubwino: Kuyang'ana zovuta pazopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendera shrinkage, kuwotcherera zolakwika, etc.

Kuwunika kwa moyo: Kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito achitetezo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana zolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kwa zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga.
Ubwino Wakuyesa Kopanda Kuwononga

Kuyesa kosawononga kumapereka njira zotetezeka komanso zothandiza zowunika zinthu motere.

Zolondola kwambiri, zosavuta kupeza zolakwika zomwe sizingawonekere pamwamba.
Palibe kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kupezeka pakuwunika konse.
Kuchulukitsa kudalirika kwazinthu
Dziwani kukonza nthawi yake kapena kusintha
Chifukwa chomwe kuyesa kosawononga kumakhala kolondola komanso kothandiza ndikuti kumatha kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati mwa chinthu popanda kuwononga. Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi kufufuza kwa X-ray, komwe kungathe kuwulula malo ophwanyika omwe ndi ovuta kuweruza kuchokera kunja.

Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira zinthu zisanatumizidwe, chifukwa njirayi siyiyipitsa kapena kuwononga malonda. Izi zimathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zowunikiridwa zimalandira zowunikira bwino, zomwe zimawonjezera kudalirika kwazinthu. Komabe, nthawi zina, njira zingapo zokonzekera zingafunike, zomwe zingakhale zodula.

Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Njira Zofanana za NDT

Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kosawononga, ndipo zimakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana kutengera zolakwika kapena zida zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa.

Kuyeza kwa Radiographic (RT)

Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'anira katundu asanatumize, chifukwa njirayi siyiyipitsa kapena kuwononga malonda. Izi zimathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zomwe zawunikiridwa zimawunikiridwa bwino, motero zimawonjezera kudalirika kwazinthu. Komabe, nthawi zina, njira zingapo zokonzekera zingafunike, zomwe zingakhale zodula. Kuyeza kwa radiographic (RT) kumagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray ndi gamma ray kuti ayang'ane zinthu. RT imazindikira zolakwika pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa makulidwe azithunzi pamakona osiyanasiyana. Computerized tomography (CT) ndi imodzi mwamafakitale NDT yojambulira njira yomwe imapereka zithunzi zamitundu ndi 3D za zinthu pakuwunika. Mbali imeneyi imalola kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane zolakwika zamkati kapena makulidwe. Ndikoyenera kuyeza makulidwe a mbale zachitsulo ndi kufufuza kwamkati kwa nyumba. Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi, mfundo zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa: kusamala kwambiri kuyenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation. RT imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika kwamkati kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi ma board amagetsi amagetsi. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika za mapaipi ndi ma welds omwe amaikidwa m'mafakitale, mafakitale, ndi nyumba zina.

Kuyeza kwa Ultrasonic (UT)

Mayeso a Ultrasonic (UT) amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a ultrasonic kuti azindikire zinthu. Poyesa kuwonetsetsa kwa mafunde a phokoso pamwamba pa zipangizo, UT imatha kuzindikira momwe zinthu zilili mkati. UT imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri ngati njira yoyesera yosawononga yomwe siyiwononga zida. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire zolakwika zamkati muzinthu ndi zolakwika muzinthu zofananira monga ma coils opindika. Makina a UT ndi otetezeka komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma ali ndi malire akafika pazinthu zosawoneka bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire zolakwika zamkati pazogulitsa ndikuwunika zinthu zofanana monga ma coil opindika.

Mayeso a Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) (ET)

Pakuyesa kwa eddy current (EC), koyilo yokhala ndi alternating current imayikidwa pafupi ndi chinthu. Zomwe zili mu koyiloyi zimapanga kakombo kozungulira kozungulira pafupi ndi chinthucho, motsatira mfundo yamagetsi yamagetsi. Pamwamba pake, ngati ming'alu, amazindikira. Kuyesa kwa EC ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zoyesa zosawononga zomwe sizimafuna kukonzanso kapena kukonzanso pambuyo pake. Ndiwoyenera kwambiri kuyeza makulidwe, kuyang'anira nyumba, ndi madera ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomera. Komabe, kuyesa kwa EC kumatha kuzindikira zida zopangira.

Kuyeza kwa Magnetic Particle (MT)

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire zolakwika pansi pazida zomwe zili munjira yoyendera yomwe ili ndi ufa wa maginito. Mphamvu yamagetsi imayikidwa pa chinthucho kuti chiyang'ane posintha mawonekedwe a ufa wa maginito pa chinthucho. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zikakumana ndi zolakwika pamenepo, zidzapanga gawo lotayirira lomwe lili ndi vuto.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ming'alu yozama / yabwino pamtunda, ndipo amapezeka pa ndege, magalimoto, ndi mbali za njanji.

Penetrant Testing (PT)

Kuyesa kwa penetrant (PT) kumatanthauza njira yodzaza mkati mwa vuto pogwiritsa ntchito cholowera ku chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito capillary action. Pambuyo pokonza, cholowera pamwamba chimachotsedwa. Kulowera komwe kwalowa mkati mwa chilema sikungatsukidwe ndikusungidwa. Popereka wopanga mapulogalamu, chilemacho chimatengedwa ndikuwoneka. PT ndiyoyenera kungoyang'ana zolakwika zapamtunda, zomwe zimafuna kukonzanso nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yochulukirapo, ndipo sizoyenera kuyang'ana mkati. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana masamba a injini ya turbojet ndi zida zamagalimoto.

Njira zina

Dongosolo loyezera kugunda kwa nyundo nthawi zambiri limayendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito omwe amawona momwe zinthu zilili mkati mwa chinthucho pochimenya ndikumvetsera kumveka. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsanso ntchito mfundo yomweyi pamene kapu ya tiyi yosasunthika imatulutsa mawu omveka bwino ikamenyedwa, pamene yosweka imatulutsa mawu osamveka bwino. Njira yoyeserayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira mabawuti otayirira, ma axle a njanji, ndi makoma akunja. Kuyang'anira ndi maso ndi imodzi mwa njira zosavuta komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zosawononga zomwe ogwira ntchito amawona mawonekedwe akunja a chinthucho. Kuyesa kosawononga kumapereka zabwino pakuwongolera kwamtundu wa castings, forgings, zinthu zogubuduzika, mapaipi, njira zowotcherera, ndi zina zambiri, potero kumapangitsa chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa kukhazikitsa mafakitale. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza zoyendera monga milatho, tunnel, mawilo a njanji ndi ma axle, ndege, zombo, magalimoto, komanso kuyang'ana ma turbines, mapaipi, ndi akasinja amadzi amagetsi ndi zida zina zatsiku ndi tsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa NDT m'magawo omwe siamafakitale monga zotsalira zachikhalidwe, zojambulajambula, gulu lazipatso, komanso kuyesa kwazithunzithunzi zamafuta akukhala kofunika kwambiri.