Kupukuta kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kupukuta kosalala, kupukuta kwapakati, ndi kupukuta pang'ono. Kupukuta kosalala ndi njira yopukuta pamwamba ndi kapena popanda gudumu lolimba, lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu yopukutira pansi ndipo lingachotse zizindikiro zosalala. Kupukuta kwapakati ndi njira yopitira patsogolo yopukuta pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito mawilo olimba opukuta. Kumatha kuchotsa mikwingwirima yotsala ndi kupukuta kosalala ndikupanga malo owala pang'ono. Kupukuta pang'ono ndi njira yomaliza yopukuta, pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu lofewa kupukuta ndikupeza malo owala ngati galasi. Sili ndi mphamvu zambiri zopukutira pansi.
Ⅰ.Gudumu lopukuta
Mawilo opukutira amapangidwa ndi nsalu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi izi:
1. Mtundu wa kusoka: Umapangidwa posoka zidutswa za nsalu pamodzi. Njira zosokera zimaphatikizapo kuzungulira kozungulira, radial, radial arc, spiral, square, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi kuchulukana kosiyanasiyana kwa kusoka ndi nsalu, mawilo opukuta okhala ndi kuuma kosiyana amatha kupangidwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popukuta mozungulira.
2. Yosakulungidwa: Ili ndi mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa diski ndi mtundu wa mapiko. Zonse zimasonkhanitsidwa m'mawilo ofewa pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala a nsalu, omwe amapangidwira makamaka kupukuta bwino. Mapiko amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito.
3. Kupinda: Kumapangidwa popinda nsalu zozungulira m'mapini awiri kapena atatu kuti apange "chithunzi cha thumba", kenako nkuziyika mosinthasintha pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake. Gudumu lopukuta ili ndi losavuta kusunga zinthu zopukuta, lili ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, komanso limapangitsa kuti mpweya uzizire.
4. Mtundu wa makwinya: Dulani mpukutu wa nsalu m'zidutswa 45 zopingasa, zisokeni m'mipukutu yopingasa, kenako pindani mpukutuwo mozungulira silinda yopindika kuti mupange mawonekedwe okwinya. Pakati pa gudumu mutha kuyikapo makatoni kuti gudumulo ligwirizane ndi shaft ya makina. Mawilo achitsulo okhala ndi mpweya wopumira amathanso kuyikidwa (mawonekedwe awa ndi abwino). Khalidwe la gudumu lopukuta ili ndi kutentha kwabwino, koyenera kupukuta mwachangu magawo akuluakulu.
Ⅱ. Wothandizira kupukuta
1. Phala lopukutira
Phala lopukuta limapangidwa posakaniza kupukuta ndi guluu (monga stearic acid, paraffin, ndi zina zotero) ndipo lingathe kugulidwa pamsika. Magulu ake, makhalidwe ake, ndi ntchito zake zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chotsatirachi.
| Mtundu | Makhalidwe | Zolinga |
| Phala loyera lopukuta
| Yopangidwa ndi calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, ndi guluu, yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono koma osati tomwe timapsa, yomwe imatha kuwonongeka ikasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. | Kupukuta zitsulo zofewa (aluminium, mkuwa, ndi zina zotero) ndi zinthu zapulasitiki, zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popukuta molondola |
| Phala lofiira lopukuta | Yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosakanizidwa, supuni yosungunuka, ndi guluu, ndi zina zotero, Kuuma pang'ono | Kupukuta zitsulo zonse, zopangira aluminiyamu, mkuwa ndi zinaKutaya zinthu mopanda dongosolo |
| Phala lopukutira lobiriwira | Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga Fe2O3, alumina, ndi zomatira zopangidwa ndi mphamvu yopukutira yamphamvu | Kupukuta chitsulo cholimba cha alloy, wosanjikiza msewu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri |
2. Yankho lopukuta
Chotsukira chopukutira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu madzi opukutira ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phala lopukutira, koma choyamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwa chipinda mu mafuta amadzimadzi kapena emulsion yamadzi (zipangizo zoyaka siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito) kuti zilowe m'malo mwa guluu wolimba mu phala lopukutira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chotsukira chamadzimadzi.
Mukagwiritsa ntchito njira yopukutira, imapopedwa pa gudumu lopukutira pogwiritsa ntchito bokosi lopukutira lopanikizika, bokosi lopukutira lapamwamba, kapena pampu yokhala ndi mfuti yopopera. Kupanikizika kwa bokosi lodyetsera kapena mphamvu ya pampu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu monga kukhuthala kwa njira yopukutira ndi kuchuluka kofunikira kwa njira yopukutira. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kosalekeza kwa njira yopukutira ngati pakufunika, kuwonongeka kwa gudumu lopukutira kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Sizisiya chopukutira chochuluka pamwamba pa ziwalozo ndipo zingathandize kukonza bwino ntchito yopangira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-29-2024
